Subalpine grass species are directly fertilized by atmospheric nitrate.
Jean-Christophe Clément  2, 1, *@  , Ilann Bourgeois  2, 3, 4@  , Cristiano Nesti  5@  , Nicolas Caillon  4@  , Nicolas Deschamps  6@  , Didier Voisin  4@  , Joel Savarino  4@  
2 : Laboratoire Écologie Alpine  (LECA)  -  Website
Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique : UMR5553
bat. D - Biologie 2233 Rue de la piscine - BP 53 38041 GRENOBLE CEDEX 9 -  France
1 : Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques  (CARRTEL)
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique : UMR0042, Université Savoie Mont Blanc : UMR0042
Thonon les Bains F-74203 France -  France
3 : Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA.
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA. Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA. -  United States
4 : Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement  (IGE)  -  Website
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology, Institut national des sciences de l\'Univers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique : UMR5001, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut national des sciences de l\'Univers, Institut national des sciences de l\'Univers, Institut national des sciences de l\'Univers, Institut national des sciences de l\'Univers, Institut national des sciences de l\'Univers, Institut national des sciences de l\'Univers
UGA - IGECS 4070038 058 Grenoble Cedex 9 -  France
5 : Department of Chemistry, University of Florence
Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy -  Italy
6 : EPFL
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne -  Switzerland
* : Corresponding author

Mountainous grasslands are vulnerable to nitrogen (N) atmospheric deposition because of little acidification buffering capacity in soils and optimized N uptake strategies of native plants in response to historical nutrients limitation. Here, we investigated the sources of N to two typical grass species in the French Alps meadows (F. paniculata, D. glomerata), using the triple isotopes (Δ17O, δ18O and δ15N) of plant-tissue nitrate (NO3-). We demonstrate that this technique help to quantify, in the field, the direct contribution of atmospherically deposited NO3- to plant NO3- pool (up to 33% in our study). Distinct temporal patterns in NO3- isotopic composition in leaves and roots reflected the seasonal evolution of plant N uptake. Direct foliar uptake of atmospheric nitrate accounted for 3-16% of plant NO3- demand, a non-negligible pathway for N uptake in plants under natural conditions especially when growing on subalpine nutrient poor soils. We observed 15N gradual enrichment of NO3- from soils to leaves which suggested the importance of NO3- assimilation in contributing to plant total N. This multi-isotopic approach has a unique potential to decouple atmospheric N input pathways into plant species and to better constrain its fate in the environment.


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